The evolving demands of the global job market and civic engagement highlight the need for higher education systems to prepare students with future-ready competencies. Building on prior research examining the gap between academic preparation and labor market requirements, this study introduces a comprehensive framework that defines and organizes the skills, knowledge, and behavioral mindsets critical for future work and global citizenship. Developed using a mixed-methods approach—including surveys, analysis of future jobs reports, employer data analysis, co-creation workshops with diverse stakeholders, and open coding of emerging jobs and foresight reports—the framework addresses the complexity and specificity required to meet contemporary and future demands.

A key contribution of this research is the granular breakdown of broadly defined 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity, into their constituent elements—specific skills, behaviors, and knowledge. This detailed approach supports educators, learning professionals, and employers in designing targeted learning experiences and assessments tailored to their unique contexts. The framework comprises over 100 base elements organized across five domains and 17 classes, providing a robust tool for competency development.

The framework was rigorously tested across multiple disciplines to ensure validity and relevance. Its application offers actionable strategies for aligning educational programs with dynamic workplace and societal needs, equipping students to thrive in a rapidly changing global landscape. This research advances the discourse on competency-based education by providing a practical, adaptable framework for educators, policymakers, and industry leaders seeking to prepare future-ready learners.

Keywords: Future skills, competency framework, higher education, skill based hiring, 21st-century skills, global citizenship, future of work.