Estonia's higher education system offers tuition-free access, theoretically encouraging widespread enrolment. However, enrolment in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields remains limited compared to humanities disciplines. Statistical data reveal that programs such as psychology and law consistently attract the highest applicant competition. A critical challenge in Estonia's higher education landscape is the high dropout rate, particularly among STEM students.

In Estonia, the number of students enrolling in higher education is a key factor in state funding allocation. However, increasing attention is being given to the proportion of students graduating within the standard timeframe. TTK University of Applied Sciences (TTK UAS) in Estonia focuses on advancing STEM fields at the applied higher education level, equivalent to a bachelor's degree. For several consecutive years, TTK UAS has maintained an approximate 50/50 ratio of enrolled students to graduates.

This study explores the enrolment and attrition patterns of university-level STEM students, focusing on curriculum structures, study methods, teaching approaches, and the effects of various support actions (e.g., tutors, field trips). It also considers societal stereotypes and other contextual factors. The analysis aims to identify underlying causes and patterns, including academic, personal, and contextual factors, to better understand this phenomenon. The study provides actionable insights for improving retention in STEM education, contributing to the development of more effective educational strategies and policies.

Keywords: Tuition-free, STEM fields, dropout rates, graduation rates, retention, educational strategies, support actions.