The presence of women in the scientific and technological fields has been, in general, scarce during last century. Indeed, it was only in the last two decades when a significant growth in the number of women present in these fields can be noticed. The process of climbing up the ladder in the scientific and technical careers has not been an easy one, and women have suffered especially the complexity, difficulties and strenuous process this system implies. Gender has been a determinant category in this process to encourage other alternative fields of study, rather than some technological specific careers (such as engineering or architecture).

Although it can be noted that most European countries have undergone a similar movement in relation to the integration of women in science and technology, Spain has nevertheless undergone a singular process due to the political, sociological, economic, as well as traditional factors which have interacted in the concept and creation of the modern contemporary society.

This paper explores and analyzes the evolution and reasons of the development of women in science and technology in Spain through a holistic study of the political, sociological, economic and traditional issues which have shaped the community. This thus, will help in a better understanding of the contemporary Spanish society we live in, and allow us to try to work in a more intensive way towards solving the problems of female representation in the scientific and technological areas.