Digital communication has become an essential part of daily life, enabling access to healthcare, social interaction, and community participation. However, older adults face significant barriers in adapting to this digital environment. Limited digital literacy, physical impairments, security concerns, social isolation, and habitual resistance hinder their effective use of digital tools. These barriers are reinforced by structural and economic inequalities, as highlighted by Christian Fuchs’ Digital Capitalism Theory, which explains how digital platforms often exclude vulnerable groups such as older adults.

This study systematically reviewed the literature using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases, covering studies from 2013 to 2025. A total of 56 peer-reviewed articles focusing on individuals aged 65 and older were analyzed. The review identified five interconnected barriers:
1. Digital literacy deficits: Many older adults lack formal digital training, resulting in low confidence and avoidance of technology.
2. Physical impairments: Age-related declines in vision, hearing, and motor skills reduce the usability of digital devices, highlighting the need for age-friendly design.
3. Security and privacy concerns: Fear of fraud and identity theft discourages older adults from using online platforms.
4. Digital social isolation: Limited digital engagement exacerbates loneliness, while digital adoption has been linked to improved social connectedness.
5. Habitual resistance: Long-standing habits and skepticism toward technology delay adoption unless supported by personalized, gradual training.

These barriers are not only individual but systemic. Applying Fuchs’ Digital Capitalism Theory reveals that improving digital skills alone is insufficient; structural issues such as market-driven platform design and inadequate accessibility must also be addressed.

To bridge the gap, this review recommends:
- Development of simplified, accessible digital tools tailored to older adults,
- Community-based digital literacy programs,
- Clear privacy and security guidelines,
- Strengthening of social support networks,
- Policy interventions addressing structural barriers in the digital economy.

By implementing these strategies, society can improve healthcare access, reduce social isolation, and enhance the quality of life for older adults. Creating inclusive digital environments that combine practical measures with theoretical insights is critical to ensuring that older adults are not left behind in an increasingly digital world.

Keywords: Older adults, digital communication, digital literacy, social isolation, digital capitalism.