This comparative analysis will explore the characteristics of successful startup ecosystems in major and rural cities in the US, Thailand, and Japan. Drawing upon site visits, interviews, observations, and documentation, this study will analyze the foundational elements, characteristics, challenges, models, and opportunities that these ecosystems face. While major cities generally dominate the startup landscape, it's crucial to examine how rural cities are attempting to foster their own entrepreneurial environments and to uphold sustainable growth, while addressing the unique challenges and opportunities they face. This study aims to identify the defining successful elements and potential for developing best practices applicable to regions with comparable characteristics.

This study also examines the significant roles of entrepreneurship education and community support in building the ecosystems’ strength and sustainability, particularly in rural areas. The researchers seek to understand and identify how initiative educational programs and strong community engagement can help rural communities face their disadvantages and challenges, including promoting a mindset of self-sustaining entrepreneurial growth of local students and entrepreneurs.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship education, startup, ecosystem.