This study aims to present the techniques used for content layout and the evolution in visual complexity throughout time, utilizing archival records from websites focused on the fields of science and education. Towards this, HTML data is systematically gathered and analyzed through the application of element-identification algorithms. These algorithms are further enhanced by incorporating metrics that assess both the structural organization and the visual complexity of the web content, enabling a more nuanced understanding of the underlying document layout and presentation. These indicators are then analyzed to detect prominent trends in layout design and visual complexity over time. The results are interpreted in relation to their impact on user experience, revealing how evolving design patterns influence usability, aesthetic perception, engagement, and information clarity for the visitors.

Two of the most decisive factors in determining the aesthetic appeal of a website are its visual layout and the arrangement of its various elements. The visual layout plays a crucial role in aesthetics and it constitutes a key element as far as website design is concerned, with images and graphics being influential factors when it comes to enhancing the visual layout. The strategic use of graphics is a vital component in web design, as it captures users' attention and effectively directs their visual focus toward areas of functionality or sections containing essential information. When applied appropriately, graphic elements can significantly enhance both the usability and visual appeal of a website by creating an engaging and intuitive user experience.

Moreover, the level of visual complexity is another indicator that significantly affects the aesthetics of a website. The easier it is for users to process the information presented on a website, the more positively they tend to perceive its aesthetic quality. Hence websites that have a simple layout are evaluated more positively as far as their aesthetics is concerned. An increase in visual elements can significantly enhance a website’s aesthetic appeal and positively influence the user experience. However, when overused, these elements may contribute to excessive visual complexity, which can overwhelm visitors and reduce the overall effectiveness of the design. An accurate estimation of the overall visual complexity of a website can be derived by the number of structural elements in its HTML code. It has been observed that visually simpler websites have both fewer HTML elements and fewer levels in which they are nested.

For our methodology, we will draw on archival data. Through this, HTML code is gathered from prominent educational and scientific websites spanning the last two decades. The data is retrieved by an automated process. Afterwards, a custom algorithm is used to analyze this code, measuring and evaluating various factors related to the former parameters.

Last but not least, our study comes to help educational and scientific institutions that are looking for ways to improve their websites user experience, increase brand awareness and visibility and enhance visitor satisfaction. Taking into account the evolution of a website, by examining both historical and current design trends, this research uncovers actionable strategies to optimize digital platforms effectively in today’s online environment.

Keywords: Educational websites, digital design, web technologies.