Following the outbreak of the military conflict in Ukraine in 2022, a significant wave of forced migration was triggered, including a large number of university students seeking refuge and educational continuity in European Union countries. Among the destination countries, Slovakia recorded a considerable increase in the number of Ukrainian students enrolling in its higher education institutions. The aim of this study is to explore and analyze the adaptation processes of these students within the academic, social, and cultural environment of the host country. Particular attention is given to the challenges and barriers they face, especially language related and academic difficulties, as well as to their psychological well-being, forms of social integration, and future intentions regarding residence or return.

The research was conducted in 2025 using an online questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The target group included Ukrainian students enrolled at a selected public university in Slovakia. The questionnaire, available in Slovak and Ukrainian, contained closed, semi-open, and Likert-scale questions focused on adaptation, well-being, and future intentions. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling. The results were verified using statistical testing to ensure reliability and provide a deeper understanding of the findings.

The findings suggest that the majority of respondents perceive the language barrier as a significant obstacle not only in academic life but also in their social interactions. Students also reported low engagement in extracurricular activities, which may be linked to psychological stress and incomplete adaptation. Despite these challenges, many respondents are considering staying in Slovakia after graduation. This study offers a comprehensive insight into the adaptation of Ukrainian students, which can inform not only higher education institutions but also policymakers and support structures responsible for integration and student well-being.

The results point to the need for systematic support for Ukrainian students, particularly in the areas of language education, counseling services, and inclusive practices within higher education institutions. These findings can serve as a basis for designing effective adaptation measures at both the institutional and national levels.

Keywords: Higher education, social integration, psychological well-being, Slovakia, migration, inclusion, academic mobility.