This study explores the intersection of education for democracy and the development of future competences through learning environment change and negotiation skills. It is part of a major Horizon EU project with schools from 6 EU countries. There is a particular focus on democratic resilience and deliberation. The research adopts a qualitative approach, examining a case study where primary school students actively participate as co-creators of their learning environment. In this classroom setting, students are not only involved in the construction of physical and social learning spaces but also in shaping the democratic processes that govern their interactions and learning experiences. The study investigates how this collaborative approach to classroom design fosters democratic resilience—defined as the ability to critically engage with, adapt to, and sustain democratic values—and enhances students' deliberative skills, enabling them to navigate complex societal issues and differing perspectives.

Data were collected in a major Finnish primary school (with students 10-11 years of age) through observations and short student interviews, applying a recently developed visual tool for assessing the development of responsible democratic citizenship competences, and reflections from both educators and students. The analysis reveals that the active involvement of students in co-creating their learning spaces not only strengthens their sense of ownership and agency in the educational process but also cultivates a deeper understanding of democratic principles such as equality, freedom, and shared responsibility. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of deliberation as a key competence in the development of democratic resilience, with students engaging in constructive debates, respectful dialogue, and collaborative decision-making. These findings suggest that fostering an environment where students are empowered to shape their educational context can contribute to the cultivation of essential competences for future democratic participation and social cohesion.

The study offers valuable insights into how primary education can contribute to the development of democratic competences through active and material approaches, providing a model for enhancing student engagement and preparing them for active, resilient participation in democratic societies.

Keywords: Education for democracy, learning environment, responsible democratic citizenship, competence, agency.