Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) tools can enhance teaching and learning by automating tasks, fostering creativity, and offering personalized support. However, their use in education raises concerns about academic integrity, over-dependence on technology, and potential effects on critical thinking development.

This study evaluates how students in a research module of the Master's in Food Science and Engineering at the Polytechnic University of Valencia are using Gen AI tools for academic purposes. A 19-question survey was previously designed to identify which tools students use and how they apply them to their academic duties. Students were also invited to use Gen AI tools to complete a deliverable in a challenge-based learning context, writing a summary on a molecular technique used in food microbiology from selected articles. Students completed these tasks using both Gen AI tools and traditional methods and were asked to compare results and provide feedback on the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.

The results indicated that ChatGPT and Copilot were the most recognized text-generating tools, with a preference for ChatGPT. Some students know DALL-E about image creation, but most were unaware or did not use image tools. Most students used Gen AI tools weekly, with 29% reporting almost daily use, and none said they never used them. Students primarily used these tools to solve doubts (86%) and for studying or exam preparation (71%). Many also used them to expand on class content and to review or correct written texts (72%). The majority appreciated Gen AI for consolidating information and simplifying tasks, with over half valuing it for time-saving. However, they noted limitations, such as answer inaccuracy, though 72% often verify answers. Students considered themselves independent of Gen AI but expected greater future use. After the activity with Gen AI, the students emphasized the importance of their knowledge of the topic when giving instructions and critically reviewing the generated answers. Among the advantages, they highlighted the writing assistance and the time savings.

Keywords: Generative AI tools, academic use, questionnaire, Challenge Based Learning, critical thinking, food engineering master´s students.