As higher education increasingly incorporates online and hybrid learning formats, it is essential to assess how students perceive these approaches compared to traditional in-person instruction. This study explores the advantages and limitations of each learning mode, focusing on student engagement, comprehension, and overall effectiveness.

The research is based on a comparative analysis of student feedback from courses that have implemented both in-person learning and interactive online learning, including problem-solving seminars and discussion-based sessions. The study examines key factors such as direct instructor interaction, teamwork opportunities, engagement levels, and flexibility in learning pace. A survey was conducted to gather student perspectives on which formats they find most effective and the specific challenges and benefits associated with each. The collected data will be analyzed to identify trends and provide evidence-based recommendations for improving both in-person and online learning experiences.

Preliminary findings suggest that students value in-person learning for its immediate interaction and structured environment, while they appreciate online learning for its flexibility and accessibility. However, results indicate that active online learning strategies, such as team-based problem-solving and interactive discussions, can help bridge the engagement gap between online and in-person education.

This paper provides insights into how educators can design more effective online learning experiences by integrating interactive elements that replicate the strengths of in-person instruction. Additionally, recommendations for balancing flexibility and engagement in hybrid education models are discussed.

Keywords: In-person learning, online education, student engagement, hybrid learning, active participation, digital pedagogy.