Despite significant investments in rural connectivity initiatives, the digital divide in Colombia’s education system remains a critical barrier to equitable learning opportunities. While national programs have expanded infrastructure in remote areas, persistent challenges—including limited access, unreliable connectivity, and a lack of digital literacy training—continue to disadvantage rural students. Recent studies indicate that only 35% of schools in rural Colombia have reliable internet access, compared to 95% in urban areas. Moreover, 67% of rural teachers lack the training to integrate digital tools into their teaching.

The impact on students is profound. On average, rural learners score 25% lower in digital literacy assessments than their urban counterparts, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive intervention. International comparisons further emphasize Colombia’s lag, as Latin American countries with sustained digital education policies, such as Chile and Uruguay, have reduced their rural-urban educational gap by over 40% in recent years.

This study examines the evolution of Colombia’s digital divide in education, evaluating policy effectiveness and structural deficiencies in infrastructure deployment, training programs, and sustainability strategies. Findings reveal that short-term, infrastructure-focused solutions have failed to address the broader systemic barriers preventing effective digital inclusion. Without significant improvements in educator training, localized connectivity solutions, and sustainable digital education policies, rural communities will continue to fall behind.

Drawing on international best practices, this research proposes a policy framework focused on long-term digital inclusion, public-private collaboration, and adaptive pedagogical strategies tailored to rural environments. Effectively bridging the digital divide in Colombia demands a holistic approach—one that goes beyond infrastructure to foster digital inclusion, educational equity, and long-term sustainability.

Keywords: Digital divide, rural education, internet access, digital literacy, education policy, connectivity programs, learning outcomes, sustainable digital education, policy evaluation.