The purpose of this paper is to present the changes that occur in project-based learning when learners work in a metaverse environment. Using appropriate bibliometric analysis tools such as Web of Science Core Collection, Publish or Perish, VOSviewer and Python's Matplotlib, research and publications on the topic were analysed. Through the analysis of publication trends, keyword co-occurrence networks, and research collaboration networks, the bibliometric analysis revealed a growing interest in project-based engineering education. A special focus is placed on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, as well as the changes that are occurring in the application of the project-based approach in this innovative educational environment.

The impact of Metaverse technologies on project-based engineering education is examined in the three areas.
The Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a Metaverse technology in project-based engineering education. This method has been proven to enhance retention, understanding, and knowledge application, making it an effective way to prepare future engineers. AI serves as a valuable tool in project-based engineering learning by improving student performance, engagement, and project completion efficiency. AI-powered tools positively impact time management, engagement, and academic success in educational environments, especially in project-based learning scenarios.

The second area of focus was AR, encompassing VR, and MR, and their effects on educational outcomes. VR significantly impacts educational outcomes by increasing student engagement, knowledge acquisition, and learning outcomes across a variety of academic disciplines. Studies highlight the importance of personalized instructional design to optimize learning outcomes through immersive VR experiences. VR enhances students’ practical competencies in a risk-free environment. By integrating 3D modeling, VR, and haptic feedback, MR systems provide a realistic and effective platform for training professionals, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application in a dynamic and engaging way.

Another field of study was the IoT as a technology in the Metaverse for project-based engineering education. The integration of IoT technology and Metaverse has shown great potential for improving project-based engineering education. IoT practices in undergraduate engineering education through project-based workshops enhance the student learning experience with 100% positive results in lab settings. IoT solutions such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi offer innovative ways to develop smart projects and improve engineering skills.

The Metaverse can incorporate simulation, modeling, and analytical tools to enhance the learning experience. The integration of virtual environments, realistic simulations, and global collaboration in the Metaverse can enhance the development of more effective and engaging learning methods, ultimately preparing students for future challenges in the engineering profession. Additionally, the technological capabilities of the Metaverse improve assessment reliability by incorporating biometric identification and real-time monitoring, which ensures exam security and trustworthiness.

Keywords: Metaverse, Virtual Reality, Project-based Learning, Engineering Education.