This paper presents a comprehensive conceptual framework for game-based learning (GBL), emphasizing user-centric design principles. The conceptual paper establishes the foundation for an interactive user-centric framework by drawing upon extant literature and research in cognitive science, educational psychology, and game design. The in-depth review of the literature identified eleven indispensable factors crucial for efficacious GBL experiences: cognitive elements, inclusivity and accessibility, engagement strategies, progression mechanics, visualization techniques, assessment and feedback mechanisms, adaptive characteristics, emotional resonance, motivational drivers, creative risk-taking and social and collaborative learning. The significance of each factor, their interconnections, and their implications for designing GBL environments to maximize learning outcomes and user satisfaction are discussed. This proposed framework provides a fundamental roadmap and a valuable resource for educators, game developers, and researchers seeking to harness the potential of GBL across various educational settings. By synthesizing current knowledge and best practices, we aim to advance the field of GBL and foster more effective, engaging, and inclusive learning experiences in the classroom.

Keywords: Game-Based Learning, User-Centric Design, Educational Games, Cognitive Factors, Engagement Strategies.