The Indio River is a significant watercourse in Panama, flowing through several provinces before emptying into the Caribbean Sea. Its watershed is a crucial water source for many communities along its path. It is currently considered a potential source for supplying the Panama Canal. However, human activities, and deplorable livestock practices in the area, present economic development and environmental conservation challenges.

In my Agricultural Research and Extension course, students from the agricultural high school at IPT Gil Betegón Martínez in the Colón province of Panama were invited to participate in a research project. The experimental objective was to develop an agricultural census to assess the impact of extensive livestock farming on the Indio River watershed. The academic goal was to facilitate the transfer of scientific and technical knowledge on livestock production practices to help students develop the skills needed to diagnose issues in livestock farms.

For the study, 20 livestock farms were selected, and a survey was administered to the farm staff. The research tool consisted of 9 closed-ended questions. One key question was whether respondents understood the effects of extensive livestock farming on water availability in the Indio River watershed. About 80% of respondents indicated that they did not. Other survey results showed that 86% of the respondents were engaged in cattle breeding, while 14% were involved in fattening cattle. All animals were in open pastures, and no cattle were housed in barns. Based on a recommended stocking rate of 1.5 animals per hectare, nearly 60% of the farms use more pasture than required for their livestock.

In conclusion, the lack of understanding about sustainable and responsible livestock practices is concerning, as is the practice of extensive livestock farming without proper management of land use. Producers are not aware of the appropriate animal stocking rate per hectare, leading to deforestation and reduced water resources in the watershed.

This research experience offers a unique learning opportunity for students. It allows them to apply and expand their technical knowledge, contributing to the transformation of the livestock sector in Panama. By promoting more sustainable practices, students can help generate benefits for both producers and the environment, showcasing the practical value of their education

Keywords: Research, Learning, Agriculture.