One of the primary advantages of online teaching is the possibility of distance learning, which facilitates access to education even under circumstances that limit physical movement or impose distance restrictions. This feature has proven invaluable, especially during times when attending in-person classes is not feasible. Online classes also offer unparalleled flexibility.

However, despite these significant advantages, online teaching is not without its limitations. Certain subjects, particularly those requiring hands-on practical exercises and experiments, face challenges when transitioning to an online format. For example, scientific and technical subjects often require access to specialized equipment and laboratory environments that are not easily replicated through virtual means. This limitation can inhibit students from gaining the necessary practical experience and understanding of theoretical concepts that are critical in these fields. The tactile and immediate feedback that comes from physically handling materials and devices or conducting experiments is difficult to simulate fully in an online setting.

To better understand these dynamics, a mixed-methods research approach was employed. Quantitative data was collected through surveys given to both students and educators from various educational institutions about their online learning experiences. Questions focused on the perceived benefits and drawbacks of online teaching, the accessibility of educational resources, and the effectiveness of digital tools. Qualitative data was gathered through in-depth interviews and focus groups, exploring personal experiences and challenges tied to specific subjects, especially those requiring hands-on practice.

The data indicate that while online teaching platforms offer substantial flexibility and accessibility, they cannot fully replace the comprehensive learning experience provided by in-person education, especially for science and technical subjects. The innovative solution of virtual laboratories emerged as a significant focal point. Virtual labs can bridge some of the gaps by providing students with simulated environments to conduct experiments. Such environments help democratize practical learning opportunities, mitigate risks associated with traditional labs, and offer a broader array of experimental scenarios.

Future research should delve deeper into the long-term impacts of virtual laboratories on student learning outcomes. Studies could explore various disciplines to identify which virtual lab features most effectively enhance students’ understanding and practical skills. Additionally, investigating the integration of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies into online education can offer insights into creating even more immersive and effective learning experiences. Ensuring equity in access to these technologies should also be a priority, seeking ways to make advanced digital tools readily available to all students, irrespective of their socioeconomic backgrounds.

By combining these insights, educational systems can better adapt to the evolving landscape of online learning, creating a more inclusive, effective, and engaging educational environment. Balancing the strengths of both online and in-person methodologies will be key in shaping the future of education."

Keywords: Virtual laboratory, CNC machining, machining stand, online learning.