This paper explores the intricate identity development process among transfer students in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Through an extensive review of the literature, this paper highlights the experiences of STEM undergraduate students who transfer from one institution to another compared to those of traditional students. Traditional students are those who enter a 4-year institution directly after high school, while transfer students are those who start their education journey at one institution and later transition to another one to achieve a 4-year degree. The existing literature suggests that these different personal experiences that transfer students encounter play a crucial role in shaping their identities and outcomes. These experiences vary widely, encompassing family background, socioeconomic status, and individual motivations for pursuing STEM education. Academic challenges, and institutional factors such as curriculum misalignment, gaps in knowledge, and different academic expectations that necessitate resilience and adaptability can also affect the identity development of these students as they transition from one institution to another. This paper aims to underscore the significance of institutional culture, STEM enrichment programs, and transfer student capital in fostering a sense of belonging and success in STEM fields. It has been shown that the cultures of a university, including its values, norms, and expectations as well as their resource distribution models can significantly impact students’ integration process and success. By providing a comprehensive review of the existing literature in this field, this paper shows how tailoring STEM programs toward transfer students’ needs can play a vital role in improving their experiences, identity development, and outcomes. Authors have found the students’ identity development to be fundamental to creating a nurturing and effective educational and workforce environment that can promote personal, academic, and professional growth, ultimately contributing to the success of the community. With this review, authors will also provide key factors that need further exploration for the future research in this field.

Keywords: STEM Traditional Students, STEM Transfer Students, Identity Development, Personal Experiences, Academic Challenges and Support, Student Integration and Success.