Virtual reality (VR) is emerging as a crucial tool in the teaching of industrial engineering, particularly in the virtualization of laboratory practices. This tool provides a safe and efficient environment, allowing experiments to be conducted without physical or material risks and granting access to real-world replication challenges. Advantages include the ability to practice without time constraints, personalized learning, and remote accessibility, which is beneficial for distance education. Furthermore, VR enhances student immersion and engagement, improves comprehension of complex concepts, and develops practical and technical skills. This article focuses on the virtualization of laboratory practices in "Machinery and Manufacturing" in the Master's program of Industrial Engineering, and "Materials Engineering" and "Materials Science" in the undergraduate program at the University of La Rioja. Specifically, arc welding (SMAW) fabrication tests have been virtualized. For instance, the application of VR in SMAW fabrication tests has eliminated physical risks such as burns and inhalation of hazardous substances, enabling practice without actual exposure to high temperatures or toxic gases. Additionally, VR for the Charpy impact test has eliminated physical risks associated with heavy machinery and material handling, preventing accidents such as impacts and cuts. The tensile test involves machinery applying significant forces to materials, risking entrapment, cuts, and projectile fragments. VR for this test has allowed conducting experiments in a digital environment, eliminating the risk of physical injuries. Lastly, Brinell hardness tests involve equipment exerting significant forces on materials, risking impacts and entrapments. VR for this test has enabled students to learn and practice equipment preparation and proper usage, along with safety protocols before, during, and after the test. The integration of VR in industrial engineering education has yielded extremely positive results, with significant improvements in safety and learning outcomes in laboratory practices. According to surveys conducted among students in the courses "Machinery and Manufacturing," "Materials Engineering," and "Materials Science" at the University of La Rioja, over 90% of participants expressed satisfaction with the implementation of VR in virtualized experiments. Students noted that VR provides a secure environment free from physical risks, enabling them to conduct experiments more confidently and focus on understanding technical concepts. Additionally, remote access and personalized learning were cited as key benefits, especially for those unable to participate in laboratory practices in person. In terms of safety, a significant reduction in incidents was observed during virtual practices compared to traditional laboratory experiments. Risks associated with high temperatures, handling hazardous materials, and operating heavy machinery were virtually eliminated, contributing to a safer and more controlled learning environment. Regarding learning outcomes, students reported improved understanding of technical procedures and enhanced ability to apply learned theories in practical settings. The interactivity and ability to repeat experiments without time constraints allowed for deeper mastery of the content, better preparing them for future careers in industrial engineering.

Keywords: Education, Virtual Reality, Industrial Engineering, Virtualization of Laboratory Practices.