The field of language learning and study abroad has faced challenges in establishing a reliable research paradigm. This exploratory literature review presents mixed methods research (MMR) to address the complexities of measuring language gain during short-term language study abroad programs. While previous quantitative studies have yielded varied results regarding linguistic gains, the scarcity of qualitative data highlights the potential of MMR to offer a more comprehensive understanding. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, MMR allows for a nuanced analysis of language acquisition processes. This review synthesizes research from the past fifteen years, focusing on the implementation and rationale of MMR designs in the context of language learning abroad. Key research questions include defining MMR, its application in studying language learning, integration of data, and measurement of language gain. The review reveals trends and gaps in the literature, emphasizing the need for more empirical studies using MMR to enhance study abroad programs and student outcomes. Findings suggest that while MMR holds promise, its application in the field requires further development and refinement.

Keywords: Mixed methods, study abroad, second language learning, language learning research.